HISTORY OF THE TV INDUSTRY
1920's-
1922- Private companies were the first to introduce the use of television, with private broadcasting. The BBC, british broadcasting company, was established. 1929: John Logie Baird, a scottish engineer, broadcasted television using the BBC’s London transmitter. 1930's- 1930: The first British television drama was introduced, called Pirandello’s The Man with a Flower in his Mouth. 1932: The British broadcasting became the established programme-making for television, with a 30-line television service. All TV channels were under the BBC. 1939: British television is shut down due to the announcement of WWII. 1940's-1946: The war ends and Television is re-established. 1948: The London Olympics were broadcasted on TV. 1949: The Midlands became the first area of the UK outside of London to receive BBC Television. 1950's 1951: The BBC TV North transmitter opens, making TV broadcasting available in the North of England. 1952: The BBC TV Scotland transmitter opens. December 17, 1953- colour tv invented 1955:By this time, up to 95% of the british population had access to television. 1953- 27 million people in the UK watched the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II which was broadcasted on TV. 1960's- 1964- BBC 2 is broadcasted to over 600 television lines. 1967- Colour transmissions are broadcasted on BBC 2. 1969- Colour transmissions become regularly broadcasted on BBC One and ITV. The world watches the broadcast of the moon landing. 1980's- 1980- by the 1980’s TV became a part of everyday life for the UK population, with almost 100% of the population having watched TV in some time of their lives. 1981: The wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer was broadcasted worldwide, with up to 750 million viewers in 74 countries. 1982- Channel 4 begins to broadcast across the United Kingdom. ITV begins a new contract with companies such as TVS, TSW and Central Television. 1989- Satellite television broadcaster, Sky, was officially launched. 1990's- 1990: Launch of British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) 1997- Channel 5 begins broadcasting across the United Kingdom. 2000's- 2002-The UK's first Freeview DTT service begins. 2006: The BBC begins broadcasting in high-definition (HDTV) 2007: The BBC iPlayer is launched 2010's- 2010- Freeview is broadcast to the entirety of the UK, including Channel 4 HD. 2011- Product placement advertising is permitted on UK television 2012: Netflix launches its movie and TV streaming service in the UK. 2012: London hosts the 2012 Olympics, and the BBC wins the UK contract to broadcast all Olympic tournaments up to 2020. 2016: BBC Three becomes online-only. 2018- BBC One airs The Coronation, a documentary in which Queen Elizabeth II gives a rare insight into her personal experience of her Coronation. A new feed of ITV3 is launched on Freeview, on Channel 788. 2019- Channel 4 takes full control of Box Plus Network. It had previously operated Box Plus Network in a 50/50 joint venture with Bauer Media. 2020- The government announces plans to hold daily televised press conferences to update the public on the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. Disney+ launches in the UK. It is also the first streaming service in the UK to feature The Simpsons after Sky and Disney secured a deal to make disney+ available on Sky Q. ITV announced that due to the suspension of production of soap operas such as Coronation street due to the Coronavirus, that their ITV3 re-runs of Classic episodes of both soaps respectively will be made available on the streaming catch up ITV Hub. |
THE STRUCTURE OF THE TELEVISION INDUSTRY
The structure of television can be divided into different parts, and goes through different stages before reaching the viewer. These stages are:
- Content creation: The stage where the TV show is in the process of being made, including pre production, casting, filming, editing etc.
- Content Production: The stage where commissioning and funding of a TV show is carried out, by a company or studio.
- Content Aggregation: A packaging containing several different TV shows into one offer by a network or channel
- Service Offering: The marketing of multiple networks and channels to consumers, usually on a subscription basis
- Delivery: The transfer of TV content to the viewers.
INTERNET IMPACT:
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BBC AND ITV
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster, London. It is the world's oldest national broadcaster, and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees.
The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital Culture, Media and Sport.Its work is funded principally by an annual Television License Fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live Television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up. The fee is set by the British Government agreed by Parliament and used to fund the BBC's radio, TV, and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK. Since 1 April 2014, it has also funded the BBC World Service (launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service), which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV, radio, and online services in Arabic and Persian.
Around a quarter of BBC's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios , which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News and from BBC.com, provided by BBC Global News Ltd. In 2009, the company was awarded the Queens Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements.
The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital Culture, Media and Sport.Its work is funded principally by an annual Television License Fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live Television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up. The fee is set by the British Government agreed by Parliament and used to fund the BBC's radio, TV, and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK. Since 1 April 2014, it has also funded the BBC World Service (launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service), which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV, radio, and online services in Arabic and Persian.
Around a quarter of BBC's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios , which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News and from BBC.com, provided by BBC Global News Ltd. In 2009, the company was awarded the Queens Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements.
ITV (Independent Television) is a commercial public service network of British commercial television broadcasters first launched in 1955. Because they are an independent company they have adverts and act as most TV broadcast companies would like for example they are not . obligated to have a whole programme on the Royal family like BBC would. ITV has many channels like BBC but not radio broadcasts.
ITV is owned by ITV plc that operates 11 of the 15 regional companies. ITV plc was formed by the merger of Granada plc and Carlton Communications in 2004. Granada and Carlton own the ITV1 brand.
To generate income ITV receives money for the advertising that they do on their channels like most TV channels. Which is a very smart move because they get so much more profit whereas on BBC they would on get some of the TV licensing as they have to pay for equipment and taxes.
ITV is owned by ITV plc that operates 11 of the 15 regional companies. ITV plc was formed by the merger of Granada plc and Carlton Communications in 2004. Granada and Carlton own the ITV1 brand.
To generate income ITV receives money for the advertising that they do on their channels like most TV channels. Which is a very smart move because they get so much more profit whereas on BBC they would on get some of the TV licensing as they have to pay for equipment and taxes.